1857 Return
24 documents · January 15, 1857 to February 5, 1858 · Houston County Court of Ordinary
Redick for coal — $2.40. Claiborne for horse collars — $3.25. Same day. Ten years after the inventory that first recorded their names.
— 1857 Annual Return, Estate of James A. Bryan · March 8, 1857The 1857 return brings several threads together. Redick, appraised at $800 in 1847 as the highest-valued person in the inventory, appears in the returns for the first time by name — at the coal kiln on March 8, paid $2.40. Claiborne is beside him, making horse collars, his rate higher than it was in 1852. Cornelius Bryan is in his third year as overseer, signing a receipt for the hire of Claiborne, Charles, and Matilda. Robert back-files nine years of estate returns in a single court payment, regularizing the record after the 1856 distribution. A Methodist newspaper from Cincinnati settles a ten-year account. Someone in the household is mourned in June. Someone is treated by proxy in Macon in July. The plantation is buying a road wagon and 72 bales of cotton fill the ledger by January.
The account current opens its first named payment entries on March 8, 1857. Two items, side by side: Negro Redick for coal — $2.40. Claiborne for horse collars — $3.25. Redick was appraised in the 1847 inventory at $800 — the highest individual value on that page. He has been in the estate for a decade, working the coal kiln through every season. March 8, 1857 is the first dated entry for him in the returns. He is paid $2.40.
Claiborne has been making horse collars since March 1852 — his first appearance in the returns. His rate then was $2.00. Now it is $3.25. Same skill, five years on, higher payment. The ledger records them both on the same day without remark and moves to the next entry.
Cornelius Bryan signs a single receipt for two payments: $290 for the hire of Claiborne, Charles, and Matilda for the year 1857, and $260 for overseeing the plantation the same year. Hire and overseeing paid together, to the same man, in the same transaction. Cornelius managed the plantation's operations and three of its people worked under his arrangement, and the ledger records both as parallel facts.
This is the first voucher in the file that names all three together with a dollar amount. Claiborne, Charles, and Matilda will appear again in the 1860 return in nearly identical language — the same three names, the same overseer, the same structure. Five years, same group, same arrangement.
Jno. S. Jobson, Ordinary of Houston County, receives $18.90 in court fees — the largest single court payment in the 1857 return. The breakdown: recording vouchers for the return of 1847, $2.27; the returns of 1848 and 1849, $4.53; the return of 1850, $4.25. Total back-filing: $11.05. Then the 1856 return itself: $7.85.
The returns of 1847 through 1850 had been kept as physical voucher bundles — receipts collected, accounts balanced — but not formally recorded with the court. The 89 documents in the Old Vouchers file are those years. Robert had been administering the estate correctly all along. When the formal distribution came in March 1856, regularizing the record became necessary. He caught up on nine years in a single July payment, and the Ordinary recorded it all.
C.H. Heywood's pharmacy account across 1857 — $37.44 — reads like the dispensary of a working physician. A speculum purchased April 23. Chloroform in June. Three syringes of different materials across the year. Dover's Powder for fever, colchicine for gout, iodide of potassium across multiple months, copaiba balsam and sarsaparilla, sulphur, senna and jalap, guaiac and columbo.
Two entries name patients. July 30: sarsaparilla purchased specifically noted as going to Stokes — medicine bought in Macon for a named patient, delivered separately. October 29: liniment delivered to Wimberly — almost certainly Ezekiel Wimberly, the blacksmith who appears in the 1853 return. Robert is treating neighbors and sending medicines. The estate pays for the instruments and supplies. The county uses the physician.
H.R. Nye, publisher, Star in the West, Cincinnati, Ohio: subscription from January 31, 1848 to January 31, 1858 — $20.00, settled in a single lump sum. Ten years of a Methodist newspaper from the city where Robert had studied medicine and been offered a faculty appointment, billed and paid at the end of the decade. He left Cincinnati in March 1847 to bury his father. The newspaper followed him home to the Sandbed Road and kept coming for ten years.
In the Russell Thompson & Co. account for June 1857, between ordinary household purchases: one Pattern Mourning Muslin, $3.50. Mourning muslin is black cloth produced and purchased specifically for bereavement dress. The estate records document no Bryan family death in June 1857. The person mourned — in or connected to the Bryan household that summer — is not named in any surviving document in this file. The muslin is the record.
John B. White supplies one road wagon and chains — $165.00, settled January 21, 1858. A road wagon is not a carriage. It is a heavy-framed work vehicle built for loads — timber, cotton bales, grain, the weight of a working plantation. The chains secure the loads. In September the estate also purchased a lighter buggy for $155 — Robert's vehicle for moving between patients and courthouse. Two vehicles in one fall season: one for the physician, one for the harvest. The 56 bales that left for market in January would have needed something to carry them.
Laura Bryan is ten years old. Her mother Catharine is declining. Her father has been dead for ten years. The estate places her with W.M. Whitehurst — Nancy's husband, the man who took the piano in 1856 — for eight months at $50. She is enrolled at L.S. Jenkins' school for the Second Book, Third Book, Fourth Book, Arithmetic, a Testament, copy books — $12.08 total. The estate also purchases calico, shoes, drilling, and a Geography textbook for her use. Among the household accounts at Russell Thompson & Co. that year: one china toy tea set — the first toy recorded in the estate returns. The youngest of the ten Bryan children, living with her sister's family, the estate paying her way.
Enslaved People
Named and documented individuals appearing in the 1857 return. 🚩 marks a notable detail.
| Name | Date | What the record shows |
|---|---|---|
| Redick | Mar 8, 1857 | Paid $2.40 for coal — first dated appearance in the annual returns. In the 1847 inventory at $800, the highest appraised value on the page. Has been working the coal kiln through the decade; the ledger catches him here for the first time by name and date. Will appear again in 1860 and 1861 inventory as Red at $1,000. 🚩 |
| Claiborne | Mar 8, 1857 | Paid $3.25 for horse collars — same day as Redick. First appeared March 1852 at $2.00 for the same work. Rate has risen over five years. Also hired out through Cornelius with Charles and Matilda for the year — $290 for three. 🚩 |
| Charles | Year 1857 | Hired out through Cornelius with Claiborne and Matilda — $290 for three for the year. In the 1847 inventory at $500. First confirmed appearance in the hired-out group. Will appear again in 1860 and 1862 in the same arrangement. 🚩 |
| Matilda | Year 1857 | Hired out through Cornelius with Claiborne and Charles — $290 for three. Two Matildas in the 1847 inventory ($600 and $400); which one is unclear. Will appear in 1860 and 1862 in the same group. 🚩 |
| 30 unnamed | Nov 3, 1857 | 30 pairs shoes from Joseph Drake & Son — $43.90 in three price grades ($1.50, $1.30, $1.00). Annual fall distribution. New supplier this year. |
| Plantation household | Nov 1857 | 20 blankets from Asher Ayres; 95 yards kersey from J.B. & W.A. Ross — $26.60. Winter provisioning consistent with prior years. Three pairs cotton cards confirm textile production on the plantation. |
Bryan Family
| Name | Role | What the record shows |
|---|---|---|
| Robert C. Bryan | Administrator / physician | 72-bale cotton year. Back-files 1847–1850 returns in a single July 1856 court payment. Purchases road wagon ($165) and buggy ($155) in the same fall. Manages five education accounts. Medical practice documented across the full year at Heywood's ($37.44) and Shannon & Co. Treats patients including Stokes and Wimberly by proxy. |
| Cornelius Bryan | Overseer | Third confirmed year as overseer — $260 for managing the plantation. Also signs receipt for hire of Claiborne, Charles, and Matilda — $290. Total $550, paid January 17, 1858. 🚩 |
| James S. Bryan | Heir / student | Gun repaired and jewelry repaired by David King, July–October 1856, delivered to James S. Bryan — $1.25, settled February 21, 1857. Third year at Crosland's school — one term $12.00 less deduction for lost time $2.18 = $9.82. 🚩 |
| Honora Bryan | Student | Second year at H.M. Holtzclaw's school in Perry — 8 months board $96, two terms tuition $27, books $3.03. Total $126.03, paid December 9, 1857. Enrolled under Thompson Bryan on the school account. |
| Laura Bryan | Minor / student | Age 10. Eight months board with W.M. Whitehurst — $50. Tuition at L.S. Jenkins' school — $12.08. Calico, shoes, drilling, Geography textbook provided. China toy tea set purchased — first toy recorded in the estate returns. 🚩 |
Businesses & Service Providers
| Name | What the record shows |
|---|---|
| Patten Collins & Co. | Cotton broker for all four sales — 4 bales at 14.5¢, 4 at 13¢, 8 at 11.125¢, 56 at 9.5¢. Also bagging, rope, twine — $74.06. Buyers: E. Price, D.R. Rogers, H.E. Ball, A. LeSueur. 🚩 |
| Asher Ayres | November — bagging, rope, 20 blankets, shoes — $54.20. January 1858 — major provisioning order: 657 yards osnaburgs, salt, shirting, steel, traces, cotton cards, axes, hats — $158.84. Now the primary provisioner, replacing Ross & Co. 🚩 |
| Russell Thompson & Co. | Full household account — $155.81 net. Clothing, mourning muslin (June 1), ladies cloth cloak $12, china toy tea set, grain cradle, dry goods, powder, shot. Perry store. Most diverse single account in the 1857 return. 🚩 |
| C.H. Heywood | Full-year medical account — $37.44. Speculum (April 23), chloroform (June), three syringes, opium, iodide of potassium, copaiba balsam, sarsaparilla for Stokes (July 30), liniment to Wimberly (October 29), guaiac, colchicine, Dover's Powder. 🚩 |
| John B. White | Road wagon and chains — $165.00, settled January 21, 1858. Heavy transport for plantation operations. |
| Joseph Drake & Son | 30 pairs shoes in three grades — $43.90, November 3, 1857. New shoe supplier this year. |
| Joseph Drake & Sons | Buggy and harness — $155, September 22, 1857. Working vehicle, not a carriage. |
| H.R. Nye — Star in the West | Methodist newspaper subscription, Cincinnati — January 31, 1848 to January 31, 1858. Ten years, $20 lump sum settled November 12, 1857. 🚩 |
| Jno. S. Jobson O.H.C. | Ordinary — back-filing fees for 1847 ($2.27), 1848–49 ($4.53), 1850 ($4.25), and 1856 ($7.85) returns. Total $18.90, paid February 9, 1857. Confirms the Old Vouchers bundle as the unfiled returns of 1847–1850. 🚩 |
| L.S. Jenkins | Tuition for Laura Bryan — $10.50 plus books (Second, Third, Fourth Books, Arithmetic, Testament, copy books) = $12.08. October 31, 1857. |
| H.M. Holtzclaw | Board and tuition for Honora Bryan — $126.03. 8 months board, two terms tuition, books. Perry school. Second consecutive year. |
| W.M. Whitehurst | Board for Laura Bryan — 8 months $50. Also calico, shoes, drilling, Geography textbook. Net $39.74 after cash credit. Nancy Bryan's husband, Laura's brother-in-law. |
| J.B. & W.A. Ross | 95 yards kersey at 28 cents — $26.60, September 21, 1857. Annual fall cloth distribution. Ross now supplying cloth only rather than full provisioning. |
| Houston Factory | Wool carding — consistent annual appearance. Sheep maintained on the plantation; wool processed at the local mill each year. 🚩 |
| Jefferson Tankersley / Dunkerly for J.B. Wiley | Toby Sofky toll bridge — $8.00 each crossing. Two different collector names in the same year — Tankersley in September, Dunkerly in January. Both collecting for Wiley's bridge. Same crossing in every return since 1847. 🚩 |
| Carhart & Curd | Three bars Swedes and refined iron, 252 lbs — $13.45, September 22, 1857. Iron for blacksmithing and equipment repair. |
72 bales total — 56 of them sold in January at the season's lowest price. Prices fell steadily from 14½¢ in September to 9½¢ in January. The January sale of 25,824 lbs to A. LeSueur returned $2,432.28 net — the bulk of the year's income at the year's lowest rate.