Plantation's Past · The Estate Records · 1858 Return

1858 Return

29 documents · February 5, 1858 to February 9, 1859 · Houston County Court of Ordinary

13,000 shingles. 31 squares of roofing. Every piece of shelter the house has provided since 1858 rests on decisions made in this account.

— 1858 Annual Return, Estate of James A. Bryan · Joseph Tooke & Son, settled January 1859

The 1858 return is the peak year of the estate. Ninety-two bales of cotton — the largest harvest in the record — go to market across seven transactions through two brokers, including a direct sale to the Houston Factory. A new fifty-saw cotton gin is purchased in April. The main house roof is replaced in fall. A chimney on one of the outbuildings is rebuilt in February. Bear Pond, in the valley below the Sandbed Road, is ditched in July. A boy is purchased in November for $1,170. The estate closes the year with a balance of $5,053.20 — the strongest financial position it has ever held.

Bales Sold 92
Cotton Income $4,685
Documents 29
Henry — Bill of Sale $1,170

From the Record · 🚩 marks a notable detail.
The Roof 🚩

Joseph Tooke & Son supplies 13,000 wood shingles at $2.50 per thousand — $32.50. The shingling itself covers 31 squares at $2.50 per square — $77.00. Thirty-one squares is 3,100 square feet of roof. This is not a repair. This is a full re-roofing. Planks, boards, and nails accompany the shingles. Total account: $120.24, settled January 1859.

The 1832 house had a wood shingle roof from its construction. The 1858 Tooke account is the documented moment of that roof being laid again after decades of wear. Every piece of shelter the house has provided since 1858 rests on this account. Tooke also picked up a bottle of quinine in the same order — two dollars and twenty-five cents, probably for a patient on the road between the mill and the Sandbed Road.

A Chimney Rebuilt

Henry Chancey takes down and rebuilds a chimney on the estate — $15.00. The main house chimneys are original to the 1832 construction. This chimney belongs to one of the outbuildings — a kitchen, a dependency, or a work structure on the property. The work is structural: taking down the old masonry, relaying the brick, reshaping the flue.

The New Gin 🚩

Alex M. Thigpen — who repaired the estate's 50-saw cotton gin for $6.25 in June 1855 — receives $95.44 for a complete fifty-saw gin. He is not repairing this time. He is selling. The old gin, overhauled by Samuel Griswold for $48.50 in 1853 and patched by Thigpen himself three years later, has reached the end of its useful life. A new 50-saw gin in April 1858. The largest crop in the record — 92 bales — follows in the fall.

Bear Pond 🚩

John Campbell receives $45.45 for ditching Bear Pond — the first named water feature to appear in the returns. The pond sits in the valley below the Sandbed Road, fed by Bear Branch, the small creek that crosses Bear Branch Road and runs south. The creek carries its name forward to the present: Bear Branch Road follows the line of the old Buzzard Roost Road through the same valley. In July 1858, Campbell cuts drainage channels to maintain the pond. The ledger records it and moves on.

For Apprehending Slave — $10.00 🚩

The account current, between the Bear Pond ditching in July and the school money handed to Honora in September: For Apprehending Slave — $10.00. This is the first and only such entry in the estate returns across thirteen years of records. Ten dollars is the standard fee in Georgia for returning a captured freedom-seeker. The person's name is not given. The circumstances are not stated. The ledger records the amount. The amount is the fee. The fee is paid. The ledger moves to the next item.

Henry 🚩

Cash for Boy Henry as per Bill of Sale — $1,170.00. The second-highest purchase price in the archive, behind only the $1,250 paid for Bob from Alabama in April 1855. The bill of sale is referenced but not transcribed. Henry does not appear elsewhere in the 1858 record. In January 1865, Thomas P. Bates is paid $8.00 for making shoes for Henry — possibly the same person, seven years later, still on the property. The $1,170 and the shoes: that is the full extent of what the documents record about him.

Cotton to the Factory 🚩

A.M. Crowder, Superintendent, receives 15 bales of J.A. Bryan cotton directly at the Houston Factory — $803.55 at 11 cents per pound. The same mill that cards the plantation's wool into yarn is also buying its cotton. The same superintendent who receives these 15 bales will serve as one of five commissioners in the 1866 estate distribution — certifying the final accounting of the same estate whose cotton he bought eight years before. The commercial relationship between the Bryan plantation and the Houston Factory runs in both directions and across the full span of the estate record.

The Doctor's Patients 🚩

C.H. Heywood's pharmacy account names three patients in a single entry: pills dispensed for Hill, for Killen, and a mixture for Stokes — who received sarsaparilla from the same pharmacy in 1857. Robert is buying medicine for named neighbors and either delivering it himself or having it sent. The instrument list continues to expand: a glass pessary in August for uterine prolapse, ergot in January as a uterine stimulant for labor management, blistering ointment in a custom 18-ounce preparation, tartar emetic ointment twice across the year. The estate pays for the instruments. Houston County uses the physician on Sandbed Road.


Named in the Record

Enslaved People

Named and documented individuals appearing in the 1858 return. 🚩 marks a notable detail.

Name Date What the record shows
Henry Nov 1, 1858 Purchased — Boy Henry, Bill of Sale, $1,170. Second-highest purchase price in the returns. Origin not stated. May be the same Henry receiving shoes from Thomas P. Bates in January 1865. 🚩
Claiborne Year 1858 Hired out through Cornelius with Charles and Matilda — $300 for three for the year. Third consecutive year in this group. Also paid separately for horse collar work May 1 — $2.50. 🚩
Charles Year 1858 Hired out through Cornelius with Claiborne and Matilda — $300 for three. Third consecutive year. Will appear again in 1860 and 1862 in the same arrangement.
Matilda Year 1858 Hired out through Cornelius with Claiborne and Charles — $300 for three. Third consecutive year.
Unnamed Aug 19, 1858 Apprehension fee — $10.00. The first and only such entry in the estate returns. Name and circumstances not recorded in any document. 🚩
Unnamed (coal) May 1, 1858 Paid $4.00 for coal — unnamed in this entry. Redick named for the same work in 1857. The coal kiln runs continuously across the returns.
35 unnamed Oct 11, 1858 35 blankets from J.B. & W.A. Ross — first year at this higher count, up from 20 in prior years. 32 pairs shoes and 400 yards osnaburgs in the same order. 🚩
Plantation household Oct–Feb 1858 89¾ yards kersey for winter clothing. Corn crop payment — $14.50 to the estate's people at year end. Confirms corn as a secondary crop alongside cotton.

Named in the Record

Bryan Family

Name Role What the record shows
Robert C. Bryan Administrator / physician 92-bale cotton year — largest in the record. Purchases new 50-saw gin ($95.44), oversees full re-roofing ($120.24), outbuilding chimney rebuild ($15), Bear Pond ditching ($45.45), and purchase of Henry ($1,170). Three student accounts simultaneously. Medical practice at full capacity. Balance forward $5,053.20.
Cornelius Bryan Overseer $300 for overseeing year 1858. $300 for hire of Claiborne, Charles, and Matilda. Total $600, paid January 31, 1859. Rate now stable at $600 — same combined payment confirmed through 1860. 🚩
Catharine P. Bryan Heir Dental work by Frederick W. Garthe, Macon — $35.00, October 20, 1858. Charged to the J.A. Bryan estate. Age approximately 21. 🚩
Honora Bryan Student 53 days tuition at S. Frank Russ's school — $4.77, May 22, 1858. Money handed to her for school September 2 — $6.00. Fall term at Wm. C. Wilkes' school in Forsyth — tuition $14, books $3.40, wood $1.00 = $18.40. Board with Caroline Langley in Forsyth 3 months 4 days — $37.60. Also boards with Whitehursts 3 months alongside Laura. Most documented student in the 1858 return. 🚩
Laura Bryan Minor / student 53 days tuition at S. Frank Russ's school alongside Honora — $4.24. Boards with Whitehursts 3 months. Books, shoes, hoop skirt, hat provided. Age 11.
James S. Bryan Student 4.5 months at J.R. Glenn's school — $11.43 tuition plus books and incidentals = $12.33. New teacher this year. Fifth consecutive year in school. 🚩

Named in the Record

Businesses & Service Providers

Name What the record shows
Adams & Reynolds Primary cotton broker — 77 of 92 bales across six transactions. Buyers: A. LeSueur (5), E.A. Wilcox (16), C.G. Wheeler (32), E. Price (8), A.H. Wych (8), H.E. Ball (8). Also bagging and twine. 🚩
Houston Factory — A.M. Crowder Direct cotton purchase — 15 bales at 11 cents per pound, $803.55, January 20, 1859. Crowder later serves as commissioner in the 1866 estate distribution. Same enterprise cards the plantation's wool and buys its cotton. 🚩
Alex M. Thigpen Complete 50-saw cotton gin — $95.44, April 20, 1858. Previously repaired the old gin in 1855 ($6.25). Full purchase, not a repair. 🚩
Joseph Tooke & Son 13,000 shingles ($32.50) + shingling 31 squares ($77.00) + lumber, planks, nails + quinine = $120.24. Full re-roofing of the main house. September–October 1858, settled January 1859. 🚩
J.B. & W.A. Ross October — 35 blankets, 32 pairs shoes, 400 yards osnaburgs, 89¾ yards kersey, wagon saddle, coffee — $146.74. December — dress goods, flannel, de laine, merino, bagging, salt, cheese, rope — $52.30. Two major accounts in one year.
C.H. Heywood Full-year medical account. Glass pessary (August), ergot (January), blistering ointment custom 18-oz recipe, tartar emetic ointment twice, chloroform, opium, iodide of potassium, phosphate of lime. Named patients: Stokes, Hill, Killen. 🚩
Ayres Wingfield & Co. Bagging, rope, salt — $67.90, September 14, 1858.
Henry Chancey Outbuilding chimney taken down and rebuilt — $15.00, February 20, 1858.
John Campbell Ditching Bear Pond — $45.45, July 26, 1858. First named water feature on the property in the returns. 🚩
Frederick W. Garthe Dental work for Catharine P. Bryan — $35.00, October 20, 1858. Macon dentist. 🚩
John R. King Blacksmith work — 9.5 days across 1857–1858, $17.75. Also hires out B. Smith to the estate. Runs a blacksmith operation and brokers skilled labor from the same shop.
Dempsey Brown One mule — $190.00, January 4, 1859.
H.G. Wood One bureau — $14.00, October 11, 1858. Household furniture purchase.
Jefferson Tankersley for J.B. Wiley Toby Sofky toll bridge — $8.00, February 9, 1859. Eleventh consecutive year this crossing appears in the returns.

Feb 1858 held over 5 bales — A. LeSueur
Oct 1858 market 16 bales — E.A. Wilcox
Nov–Dec 1858 market 32 bales — C.G. Wheeler
Jan 1859 11¢ / lb 15 bales — Houston Factory
Jan–Feb 1859 market 24 bales — E. Price / A.H. Wych

92 bales — the largest single-year harvest in the estate record, netting approximately $4,685. The Houston Factory direct sale at 11¢ is the only fully documented per-pound rate this year.