Plantation's Past · The Estate Records · 1866 Freedmen — Abner & James S. Bryan

1866 Freedmen — Abner & James S. Bryan

Labor contract · January 15, 1867 · Houston County, Georgia

Messrs Bryan on the first part agrees first to treat their employees with kindness and respect. The employees demand the same.

— Labor Contract, A.C. & J.S. Bryan with Freedpeople, January 15, 1867

On January 15, 1867, Abner C. Bryan and James S. Bryan enter into a labor contract with nine freedpeople and one minor for the year 1867. The contract is the first formal labor agreement on record between members of the Bryan family and the people who had worked on this land. It establishes wages, terms, and mutual obligations. Every freedperson signs with a mark. The Bryan brothers sign their names. The agreement is witnessed and recorded.

Contractors Abner & James
Signatories 9
Term 12 months
Date Jan 15, 1867

From the Record · 🚩 marks a notable detail.
The Bostons — Three Generations 🚩

Five members of the Boston family sign this contract. Matthias Boston — $150 for the year. Charles Boston — $150. Mintie Boston — $100. Peggy Boston — $10.50 per month, with provisions included for her husband Charles and her grandson Mathi. Neila Boston, wife of Charles — $3 per month for her services.

Peggy Boston is the matriarch. Her husband is Charles Boston. Her grandson is Mathi. Three generations of the Boston family on the same plantation, confirmed in a single contract: grandmother, husband, son, son's wife, and grandchild. The People & Businesses page notes Peggy Boston as having three generations documented on this land. This contract is that documentation.

The Terms 🚩

Abner and James S. Bryan agree to furnish comfortable quarters, wholesome food, and fuel. The freedpeople agree to conduct themselves honestly and civilly, obey all reasonable orders, take good care of utensils entrusted to them, and be kind and gentle with animals in their charge. Damages are assessed by arbitration. Every day's absence from labor: a fine of fifty cents unless substituted. Voluntary absence without permission: two dollars per day forfeited. Absence more than two days without permission: dismissal from the plantation and forfeiture of all wages. Money loaned or advanced is deducted from wages at year's end. All wages are paid at the expiration of the twelve months.

The contract is mutual in its language — both parties state their obligations. The Bryan brothers agree to treat their employees with kindness and respect. The employees demand the same.

Marks and Signatures 🚩

Every freedperson signs with a mark — a cross (+) beside their name, witnessed. Abner C. Bryan and James S. Bryan sign their names. The contrast runs through the entire record: Robert C. Bryan signed the first return in 1847. Abner sold nails to the estate in 1862 and signed his name. The freedpeople who worked this land through the same decades sign here with marks — the cross that stands for a name when writing is not possible. Littleton Jones signs in a row by himself, below the others. The document is witnessed and filed.


Signatories

Freedpeople — Contract 1867

All parties to the January 15, 1867 labor contract. All freedpeople sign with their mark.

Name Wages Notes
Matthias Boston $150.00 / year Signs with mark. Boston family — grandson of Peggy.
Charles Boston $150.00 / year Signs with mark. Husband of Neila, son of Peggy. Provisions included in Peggy's wage agreement.
Mintie Boston $100.00 / year Signs with mark. Boston family.
Peggy Boston $10.50 / month Signs with mark. Matriarch — three generations in this contract. Wage includes provisions for husband Charles and grandson Mathi. 🚩
Neila Boston $3.00 / month Signs with mark. Wife of Charles Boston.
Mathi Boston Minor. Grandson of Peggy Boston. Not a signatory — provisions included in Peggy's wage. 🚩
Littleton Jones $120.00 / year Signs with mark. Signs separately, below the group, in his own row.
William Chase $125.00 / year Signs with mark.
Solomon Walker $110.00 / year Signs with mark.
Frank Rawls $110.00 / year Signs with mark.

In a contract entered into by and between Messrs A.C. & J.S. Bryan on the first part, And the following freedmen and freedwomen whose names are hereunto attached on the other part, do this the fifteenth day of January eighteen hundred and sixty-seven Confirm And establish this agreement.
Abner C. Bryan First Part
James S. Bryan First Part
Matthias Boston ✕ his mark
Charles Boston ✕ his mark
Mintie Boston ✕ her mark
Neila Boston ✕ her mark
Peggy Boston ✕ her mark
Frank Rawls ✕ his mark
Solomon Walker ✕ his mark
William Chase ✕ his mark
Littleton Jones ✕ his mark